上海市某社区高血压人群营养健康教育效果分析

Effects of Nutritional Health Education on Hypertension in Changning District, Shanghai

目的通过上海市长宁区实施 2年的高血压社区人群营养健康教育的干预研究 ,评价干预前后人群的高血压与营养的知识、态度及行为的变化和膳食结构的变化 ,间接反映心脑血管疾病的预防效果。方法 1998～ 2 0 0 0年以上海市长宁区作为试验基地 ,确定干预区和对照区 ,对干预区人群进行高血压和营养知识宣教 ,在研究开始和结束分别在干预区和对照区抽样进行高血压与营养的知识行为和态度的调查和 2 4 h膳食回顾调查。结果在膳食、高血压营养知识态度和行为方面 ,干预区均较对照区有较大的改善 ,在膳食构成方面 ,干预区人群食盐每日摄入量降低了 1.6 g,钠钾摄入比由干预前的 2 .8降至 2 .2 ,且均较对照区有显著性差异 ;对高血压有保护性作用的食物如水果、乳类的消费量 ,干预组在干预后有显著提高并与对照组比较差异有显著性。结论在社区开展预防高血压的营养健康教育干预对提高居民健康知识 。

Objective To observation of the changes of hypertension and nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice and dietary pattern after 2 years health education on hypertension, to study the effectiveness of prevention and control on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among community. Method 1 224 subjects aged 35～70 with high risk for hypertension from 12 neighboring communities were cluster randomized into a intervention group and a control group. Intervention of the nutrition health education on hypertension was carried out in 1998~2000, 24 hour dietary and KAP survey were taken at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Results The residents in intervention group obtained much more knowledge of nutrition and hypertension. The dietary pattern in the intervention group was greatly improved than that in the control group. Mean of daily salt intake reduced 1 6 g in intervention group, the ratio of sodium and potassium in diet decreased from 2 8 to 2 2, and was significantly difference to the control group.Some protective foods consumption such as fruit and milk in intervention group was significantly improved compared to that in the control group. Conclusion Nutritional health education may play an important role on the decrease of the risk of cardiovascular diseases.