晋东豫西旱地农业生态系统结构优化研究

The Optimization of Arid Agroecosystem Structure of Zong'ai Village in Shouyang County

在系统辨识和明确结构优化的基本策略基础上，采用多目标线性规划（MOLP）方法，以农业生产纯收入、蛋白质产量和降水利用率最高作为目标函数，对国家“八五”攻关晋东豫西旱农试验区农业生态系统结构进行优化。研究结果表明：引种饲草作物小黑麦，大力发展畜牧业，与种植业有机结合，形成农牧系统良性循环结构，将提高旱地经济效益、社会效益和生态效益，促进农业持续发展；应扩大经济作物的种植面积，发展中药材，形成粮经饲结合型种植制度，提高种植业的效益；适当扩大苹果种植面积，农林牧综合发展。结构优化后农业年纯收入可达195．8万元；蛋白质年产量达26．2万kg；降水利用率提高到86．07％。

Using Multiple Objective Linear Programming method for agricultural net income, protein production amount and precipitation utilization ratio maximum, agricultural ecological system structure is optimized in Zongai village,Shouyang County, the area of national '8th-five-year-plan' to storm. It explores the way to sustainable agriculture in arid Northern China. The results show that :①forage crops Triticale spp. should be introduced into farming system to promote combining cropping and raising for animal husbandry development strongly and realize benign recycle of agroecosystem ；②cash crops and some plants with special value,such as Chinese medicinal materials etc.,should be expanded and appropriately introduced to form effective farming system of combining food and cash crops with forage crops to improve economic benefits in dryland;③expanding apple planting area. Through the solution of the model,agricultural net income,protein production amount and precipitation utilization ratio get to 1. 958 millions yuan, 262t and 86.07% respectively.