唯物史观和马克思主义哲学的关系

Relation between Historical Materialism and Marxist Philosophy

马克思哲学对旧哲学的突破发生在历史领域。与通常的理解不同 ,在马克思之前已经存在关于社会的唯物主义和人的唯物主义 ,马克思把它们作为空想社会主义的理论基础。关于社会的唯物主义和人的唯物主义属于客体的唯物主义和直观的唯物主义 ,马克思则把唯物主义奠基于实践概念之上 ,由此创立了实践唯物主义。实践唯物主义强调社会和人的历史性 ,由此 ,社会的和人的唯物主义被发展为社会历史的唯物主义 ,即历史唯物主义 ;但实践唯物主义不仅改造了社会的和人的唯物主义 ,而且使自然的或自然科学的唯物主义的面貌焕然一新 ,所以它的意义不仅仅限于社会历史领域。

Marxist philosophy broke through old philosophy in the field of history. Differing from ordinary understanding, materialism of society and materialism of person existed prior to Karl Marx who took them as theorelical basis of utopian socialism. Materialism of society and materialism of person belong to objective materialism and intuitive materalism. Karl Marx laid the foundation of materialism on the concept of practice and established practical materialism therefrom. Practical materialism lays stress on the historical significance of society and person. And thus materialism of society and materialism of person were developed into materialism of society and history, namely, historical materialism. However, practical materialism not only remoulded materialism of society and materialism of person but also made materialism of nature or natural science to have a bright, new look. Its significane is not confined to the field of society and history. Practical materialism is a general world outlook.