不同地理种源大别山山核桃坚果表型性状和脂肪酸组分分析

Variability of phenotypic characters and fatty acid composition of endemic hickory nuts(Carya dabieshanensis) from different geographical provenances

【目的】探明大别山山核桃天然种源的遗传变异。【方法】以9个地理种源的大别山山核桃为试材,对果实和坚果的11个表型性状和种仁脂肪酸组分及其变异进行分析。【结果】种源间11个表型性状均存在极显著性差异,变异系数3.23%~32.68%,其中果实鲜质量变异最大,鲜出子率次之,果径、出仁率、果形指数和果长相对稳定(CV【10%)。对11个表型性状间的相关性分析显示,性状间有18对达到显著性相关。种源间种仁脂肪总含量62.38%~67.18%,变异系数极小(CV=2.50%),但7种脂肪酸含量均存在极显著性差异。不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的80.99%~93.09%,且变异系数较小(CV=4.74%)。脂肪酸中油酸含量最高,亚油酸次之,棕榈酸第三,存在'高油酸、高亚油酸、低棕榈酸'的优异种源。【结论】大别山山核桃天然种源坚果表型性状和脂肪酸组分遗传变异丰富,良种选育潜力大。

【Objective】 The aim of this paper was to acquire basic data of hickory(Carya dabieshanensis) in Dabieshan mountain area and provide scientific theory for their protection and utilization. 【Method】Eleven phenotypic characters and fatty acid compositions of kernel were studied by normal test and gas chromatography(GC). 【Result】 The results indicated that all the 11 test characters had very significant difference, and the variation coefficients were 3.23% to 32.68%, of which the fresh weight of fruit was the highest, and the fresh seed yield took second place. However, the variation coefficient of the nut width,kernel percent, nut shape index(nut length/nut width) and nut length were relatively stable(CV<10%).The Pearson correlation analysis on 11 characters showed that 18 pairs of characters had significant correlation. The fat content of hickory kernel were 62.38% to 67.18%(CV=2.50%), and 7 fatty acid compositions such as oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, linolenic were identified, and the contents of unsaturated acids were in the range from 80.99% to 93.09%(CV=4.74%), and oleic were the highest(in the range from63.26% to 80.36%, CV=9.22%), followed by linoleic(in the range from 10.67% to 26.56%, CV=29.31%)and palmitic(in the range from 5.19% to 14.41%, CV=38.41%), in geographical populations including the excellent germplasm of 'high oleic, high linoleic and low palmitic acids'. 【Conclusion】 The studies suggested there were a remarkably rich diversity of phenotypic characters and fatty acid composition in geo-graphical populations.