树干注药对核桃果实病虫害的防治效果

Control of fruit pests and diseases of walnut with trunk injection

【目的】核桃举肢蛾Atrijuglans hetaohei和核桃炭疽病Colletotrichum gloeosporioides是核桃生产中的主要果实病虫害,探讨树干注药对核桃果实病虫害的防治效果。【方法】通过室内抑菌试验及田间树干注药药效试验,研究了戊唑醇、烯唑醇、己唑醇、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐等药剂对核桃炭疽病、核桃举肢蛾的防治作用。【结果】室内抑菌试验表明,戊唑醇、烯唑醇、己唑醇等5种供试杀菌剂对核桃果实炭疽病病原菌菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用,其EC50在1.15~75.34 mg·L-1,其中戊唑醇的抑制作用最强,其EC50为1.15 mg·L-1,其次为烯唑醇和己唑醇,EC50分别为2.48 mg·L-1和2.53 mg·L-1。田间树干注药时,8.7%戊唑醇注干杀菌剂对核桃果实炭疽病的防治效果最好,2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和4%吡虫啉注干药剂可有效控制核桃举肢蛾的危害。利用戊唑醇与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐或吡虫啉混配注药可进一步提高对核桃果实炭疽病的防治效果。【结论】树干注药可有效控制核桃果实病虫害的危害。

【Objective】Atrijuglans hetaohei and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were the main fruit insect and disease of walnut in the north of China. The objective of the study was to investigate the control efficacy of trunk injection on walnut fruit pests. 【Method】 The bioassay experiments in lab. and field trials through trunk injection of some pesticides against C. gloeosporioides and A. hetaohei were conducted.【Result】 The results of bioassay experiments in lab. showed that the 5 fungicides(tebuconazole, hexaconazole, procymidone, diniconazole and dimethomorph) could inhibit the mycelium growth of C.gloeosporioides, of which EC50values were between 1.15 mg·L-1and 75.34 mg·L-1. Tebuconazole showed the highest antifungal activity with an EC50value of 1.15 mg·L-1, followed by diniconazole and hexaconazole with the EC50value of 2.48 mg·L-1and 2.53 mg·L-1, respectively. Field experiments showed that8.7% tebuconazole formulation for trunk injection exhibited highest efficacy against C. gloeosporioides and2% emamectin benzoate and 4% imidacloprid formulation for trunk injection exhibited higher efficacy against A. hetaohei. Therefore, the control effects on C. gloeosporioides could be improved by using the mixture of tebuconazole and emamectin benzoate or the mixture of tebuconazole and imidacloprid. 【Conclusion】 The damage of fruit insect and disease of walnut could be controlled effectively through trunk injection.