薄壳山核桃‘Mahan’授粉品种选择及其结实性状分析

Choice of pollination varieties and the fructification analysis of Carya illinoensis of 'Mahan'

【目的】探讨获得薄壳山核桃‘Mahan’优质高产、解决生理落果严重等问题。【方法】系统观测‘Mahan’雌花开花习性,采用控制授粉技术对雌花可授期、花粉亲和性进行研究。【结果】雌花柱头状态在显花期经过柱头张角【45°、柱头张角45°~90°、柱头张角】90°、柱头变黑的变化过程,4个状态下授粉坐果率差异显著,雌花最佳授粉时期为柱头张角】90°,其坐果率达18.08%。不同品种花粉对‘Mahan’雌花授粉结果显示:‘Mahan’ב35号’坐果率最高,为25.71%;结实子代的单籽质量、核长、含油率、粗蛋白、可溶性糖和淀粉差异显著,单果质量、果长、果宽、出籽率、含仁率、核径和壳厚度差异不显著。【结论】‘35号’、‘caddo’、‘6号’和‘36号’花粉授粉效果均表现良好,适宜作‘Mahan’授粉品种。

【Objective】For high quality,high yield and low physiological fruit drop on pecan of ‘Mahan'.【Method】The flowering habit of female flowers were observed.And receptive period of female flowers andpollinated affinity were studied by means of pollination techniques of emasculation-bagging.【Result】Re-sults showed that the bilobed stigma female flowers go through four steps: stigma angle less than 45°(TypeⅠ),stigma angle between 45° and 90°(TypeⅡ),stigma angle greater than 90 °(Type Ⅲ) and the stigmaturn brown(Type Ⅳ).And the best stigma pollination for female flowers was Type Ⅲ,in which the fruitset was 18.08%.The fruit set of natural pollination was 7.30% and it was 0% when no pollination.In addition,the results showed that the fruit set of treatments had no significant differences on June 1st and July2 nd,but the significant differences appeared on July 31.Meanwhile,the analysis of fruit setting pollinated by different pollens showed that the fruit setting of ‘Mahan'בNo.35' is highest by 25.71%,but the fruitsetting of ‘Mahan' ×seeding and ‘Mahan'בHickory' was low,where fruit setting was only 9.81% and 10.82%.The single seed weight and the fruit length pollinated by different pollens had no significant difference,but the fruit weight,fruit length,fruit width,the rate of seed,the seed diameter and shell thick-ness had significant difference.Especially,the fruit weight,fruit length and fruit width of ‘Mahan'בHickory' was significantly lower than others.The nutrient content of oil,protein,soluble sugar andstarch content in nuts also showed difference.The highest oil content was 76.39% in ‘Mahan'בCaddo',but the lowest was 71.55% in ‘Mahan'בHickory'.The highest crude protein was 130.43 mg·g-1 in ‘Ma-han'בHickory',but the lowest was 81.85 mg·g-1 in ‘Mahan'בCaddo'.The highest soluble sugar was 36.83 mg·g-1 in ‘Mahan'בNo.6',but the lowest was 29.06 mg·g-1 in ‘Mahan'בHickory'.The higheststarch content was 66.31 mg·g-1in ‘Mahan'×seeding,but the lowest was 38.42 mg·g-1 in ‘Mahan'בNo.35'.【Conclusion】‘No.35',‘Caddo',‘No.6' and ‘No.36' were suitable pollination varieties for ‘Mah-an' because of their high production and good quality.