磷肥追施时期对‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄磷素吸收利用的影响

Effects of the timing of phosphatic fertilizer dressing on phosphorus utilization in 'Moldova' grapes

【目的】探索葡萄磷肥施用的最适宜时期,以提高其利用率。【方法】以3 a生‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄为试材,设置了3个不同追施时期处理,P1(新梢旺长期)、P2(新梢旺长期、果实膨大期)、P3(新梢旺长期、果实膨大期、果实转色期),以不施磷肥为对照,对其全年干物质积累量、磷素吸收量、磷肥利用率及果实指标进行分析。【结果】与不施磷肥相比,各磷肥处理均提高了植株干物质积累量、磷素吸收量、磷肥利用率及果实品质,但以二次追肥效果最好,其植株干物质积累量分别比一次和三次追肥高出7.45%、5.41%;磷素吸收量分别高出15.38%、8.72%;磷肥利用率分别高出5.14%、3.09%。3个处理中以二次追肥的果实平均单穗质量、平均单粒质量、总糖最高,总酸最低。【结论】在新梢旺长期和果实膨大期两次追施磷肥是满足‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄磷素吸收,提高磷肥利用效率的合理施用方式。

【Objective】The objective of the study was to elucidate the most appropriate timing of fertilization to improve the utilization of Phosphatic【Method】Three-year-old‘Moldova' grapes were chosen astest materials.Dry matter accumulation,P uptake and utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and fruit quality were investigated to evaluate the efficacy during three different phosphate fertilizer dressing timing,P1(shoot rapid-growth),P2(shoot rapid-growth and fruit expansion) and P3(shoot rapid-growth,fruit expansion and veraison).【Result】Compared to the control without P application,P treatments had a positive effect on the improvement of the dry matter accumulation,P uptake and utilization rate of phosphate fertiliz-er and fruit quality.Two times of fertilization showed the best effect on the grapes.The dry matter accumulation increased by 7.45% and 5.41% than that both in one time and three times of fertilization respec-tively; P absorption increased 15.38% and 8.72% respectively; Utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer increased 5.14% and 3.09% respectively.Twice fertilization had the highest average cluster weight,berrymass and total sugar content,and lowest total acid content.【Conclusion】Twice phosphate fertilizer top-dressing during the shoot rapid-growing period and fruit expansion period is a reasonable way to meet Pabsorption and to improve the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer in ‘Moldova' grapes.