主要观赏海棠品种的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系分析

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships analysis of major ornamental crabapple species

【目的】观赏海棠常色紫红色叶类、变色叶类品种是苹果属植物中罕见的类型,因此有必要探讨其亲缘关系和遗传背景。【方法】以常色红色叶类品种、部分新叶有色类品种及常绿色叶类品种(含2个中国原产的近缘种)为试材,通过7组果实特征值、18组叶片特征值和10组花特征值,对几个典型的观赏海棠不同叶色类品种的亲缘关系和遗传多样性进行分析。【结果】UPGMA聚类结果表明,典型的常色红色叶类‘王族’的叶片性状与国内品种亲缘关系较远,与国外品种亲缘关系较近;花性状与‘绚丽’、‘雪球’、‘草莓果冻’、‘火焰’和‘粉芽’具有较近的亲缘关系;果实性状与‘红玉’和‘草莓果冻’有较近的亲缘关系。叶、花、果性状总聚类结果表明‘王族’与‘绚丽’、‘火焰’、‘草莓果冻’和‘粉芽’亲缘关系较近。主成分分析表明,各测试特征值的F检验方差分析结果与主成分分析结果相一致;形态特征的第一、二主成分散点图分布情况与形态特征的聚类结果基本一致。上述形态学分析结果与AFLP聚类分析结果部分吻合。【结论】常色紫红色叶类品种‘王族’与新叶有色叶类品种亲缘关系较近,与常色绿色叶类品种亲缘关系较远。

【Objective】The ornamental crabapple cultivars with ever- red leaves and new red- coloredleaves are rare kinds in Malus family. In order to explore the phylogenetic relationships and genetic back-ground of them.【Method】We chose three kinds of different leaf-colored varieties as materials includingthe ever-red leaf,the new leaf-colored,the ever-green leaves,and also two domestic species and nineadventive varieties. Based on the measurements of seven fruit traits,eighteen leaf traits and ten flowertraits,we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity among different leaf-colored vari-eties of ornamental crabapple.【Result】Results by UPGMA analysis demonstrated that‘Royalty',as rep-resentative of ever-red leaf cultivar,had close phylogenetic relationship with adventive cultivars and adistant relative with domestic species in leaf characteristics. And‘Royalty'also had the close phylogenet-ic relationships with M.‘Radiant',M.‘Snow Drift',M.‘Strawberry Parfait',M.‘Flame'and M.‘PinkSpires' in the flower characteristics,along with M.‘Red Jade'and M.‘Strawberry Parfait'in the fruitcharacteristics. According to comprehensive results of leaf,flower and fruit by UPGMA analysis,it wasproved that‘Royalty'had rather close phylogenetic relationships with M.‘Radiant',M.‘Flame',M.‘Strawberry Parfait'and M.‘Pink Spires'. The results of principal component analysis appeared thesame trends with the variance analysis results of different cultivar and species traits by F test. Moreoverthe scatter distribution diagram from principal component analysis of morphology traits showed the somesimilar results with cluster analysis of traits and the result of AFLP analysis.【Conclusion】‘Royalty',acultivar with ever-red color leaves,has a close phylogenetic relationship with the cultivars of new-leaf-colored leaves,a rather distant with cultivars of ever-green leaves.