甜樱桃砧木的利用与发展建议

Suggestions on the development and utilization of the sweet cherry root-stocks

果树是砧木和接穗(品种)组成的一个复合体,所以砧木是构成树体的重要组成部分。不同甜樱桃砧木的嫁接树对不同土壤类型的适应性、抗寒能力、抗病虫危害能力有着明显的差异,对早果性、丰产性和经济寿命等有着重要影响。大多数果农对选择适宜砧木的重要性认识不足,往往只注重接穗品种的选择,而不注重砧木品种的选择。为了更好地利用甜樱桃砧木,首先简要介绍国内甜樱桃产区砧木的应用情况,然后着重介绍了‘大叶草樱’、‘吉塞拉’等7种砧木的生物学特征、繁育方法、抗逆性及嫁接树的生长表现,并对砧木的利用提出建议。

The Fruit tree is a composition of the rootstocks and scions, so the rootstock is an important part of the tree body. Different rootstock-grafted sweet cherry trees have obvious differences in different soil types of adaptability, cold hardiness, disease and insect resistance. And it has an important influence on the early-production, high-yield and economic-life. Most farmers pay less attention to the importance of rootstock than to the scion varieties. In order to make better use of sweet cherry rootstocks, this paper first introduces the application situation of the domestic production of sweet cherry rootstocks, and then focuses on biological characteristics, propagation methods, resistance and the growth characteristics of 7 rootstocks, and suggestions on the use of rootstocks were put forward.