早熟欧洲甜樱桃高效胚培养成苗技术研究

High seedling percentage obtained by embryo culture of the early matur-ing sweet cherry(Prunus avium)

【目的】建立稳定高效的胚培养成苗技术。【方法】以欧洲甜樱桃早熟优良品种‘红灯’、‘98-2’等种子成熟胚为试材,从种子消毒、激素配比、活性炭的使用等方面对影响种胚成苗的关键因素进行了研究。【结果】在MS+BA 2mg·L-1+IAA 1 mg·L-1+GA310 mg·L-1+活性炭1 g·L-1的培养基中发芽率可以保持在90%以上。研究发现,活性炭在合适的质量浓度下(1 g·L-1),可以极为显著地提高胚培养的成苗效率。并且,接入培养基1周后多数种胚就开始萌发生长,萌发时间明显提前。同时,在加有活性炭的培养基中,植株根系发育良好,生长健壮,4周后就可移栽进入温室。【结论】活性炭在欧洲甜樱桃胚培养成苗过程中,起着非常重要的促进作用。

【Objective】 The aim of the study was to establish the high efficient system of the embryo culture. 【Method】 The effects of the medium ingredients and concentration, activated carbon and the method of seed sterilization et al on the seedling of the embryo culture were studied in the sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.) early maturing varieties ‘Hongdeng' and ‘98-2'. 【Result】 Seedling percentage could be above90% in the MS medium with BA 2 mg·L-1+ IAA 1 mg·L-1+ GA310 mg·L-1+ activated carbon 1 g·L-1.The activated carbon(1 g·L-1) significantly increased the seedling rate of embryo and advanced the embryo germination. The majority of embryos germinated after one week started to grow. Seedlings in the medium with activated carbon were vigorous and had a good root system and could be transplanted in the greenhouse after four weeks. 【Conclusion】 Activated carbons played an extremely important role in the seedling formation of the sweet cherry embryo culture.