避雨栽培对大樱桃园生态因子及生理特性的影响

Effects of rain-shelter cultivation on ecological factors and physiological characteristics of sweet cherry

【目的】研究避雨设施栽培对大樱桃园生态因子和生理特性的影响。【方法】以8 a生避雨设施栽培的‘拉宾斯’、‘晚红珠’、‘黄星’大樱桃/‘大青叶’为试材,采用温湿光记录仪测定温度、湿度和光照强度日变化并观测物候期;果实成熟期,测定叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、新梢生长等生理指标和果实单果质量、可溶性固形物等品质指标;成熟期降雨,统计裂果率。【结果】采用透光率为80%的聚乙烯篷布为覆盖材料的避雨设施,温度、湿度日变化较露地相对平稳,光照强度显著低于露地;树体新梢细长、叶面积增大,叶片叶绿素含量上升,光合速率降低;成熟期延迟2~3d,果实品质与露地栽培差异不显著;裂果率控制在5%以下,显著低于露地。【结论】大樱桃采用避雨设施栽培,有效控制裂果的发生。

【Objective】 The objective of the study was to explore the effects of rain-shelter cultivation on ecological environment and physiological characteristics of sweet cherry. 【Method】 The 8-year-old ‘Lapins', ‘Wanhongzhu' and ‘Yellow star'/‘Daqing-ye' were used as materials, and the temperature, humidity and light intensity under rain-shelter cultivation were surveyed by recording instrument. Meanwhile, the main phenophase was observed. At the harvest time, the physiological index including chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, shoot growth and fruit quality were investigated. The fruit cracking percentage was surveyed after the rain. 【Result】 The results showed that the temperature and humidity were relatively stable under rain-shelter cultivation covered by polythene paulin of 80% light transmittance.The light intensity was significantly lower in rain shelter cultivation than in open field, the new shoot was longer but thinner, the leaf area was larger and the chlorophyll content increased, but the leaf photosynthetic rate decreased. The maturation period was delayed by 2 to 3 days, The rain shelter cultivation had no significant effect on the fruit quality. The fruit cracking rate was below 5% and significantly lower than that of control. 【Conclusion】 The studies suggested that the fruit cracking of sweet cherry can be effectively controlled by the rain-shelter cultivation.