甜樱桃设施栽培环境的半自动调控及效果

Semi-automatic environment control system and its application effects in protected cultivation of sweet cherry

【目的】提高甜樱桃设施栽培环境的调控精度,降低劳动强度,保证果实质量和产量的稳定。【方法】研制了一种可避免质、产量产生大幅度波动的甜樱桃半自动设施栽培系统,包括棚体,双热源加温,温、湿度、光照度自动检测、记录,自动报警4部分。连续3 a用于甜樱桃设施栽培优质稳产试验,取得预期效果。【结果】由于优化了棚体高度和棚顶斜率,使用了地炕式煤柴和太阳能2种能源互补加热,并采用现代半自动环境测控技术,使棚体可控容积增加,设施内升温热源得到保证,对棚内栽培环境的控制准确有效,与使用传统栽培大棚相比,显著提高了对连续阴冷天气的抵御能力和环境因子调控精度,连续2 a产量稳定在11 550 kg·hm-2以上,优质果率稳定在80%以上。【结论】该项措施能使甜樱桃保护地栽培果实质优稳产,对提高设施栽培的经济效益具有重要作用。

【Objective】 The objectives of the study were to improve the accuracy control system of sweet cherry facility cultivation environment, reduce labor intensity to ensure the stability of fruit quality and yield. 【Method】 The semi-automatic cultivation system was developed. This system included the improved construction of plastic greenhouse, the double-heat sources appliance, the automatic recorder of temperature and humidity and illumination intensity, the automatic alarm system. It has been applied to the sweet cherry forcing culture for three years with the satisfactory results. 【Results】 With improved construction of plastic greenhouse, coal and solar double heat sources appliance and semi-automatic controller of environmental factors, the capacity of greenhouse was increased and it is easy to control the internal temperature and humidity effectively and accurately of the greenhouse. Compared to the traditional plastic greenhouse, the ability to resist harsh weather and the accuracy of controller were improved. The yield of sweet cherry in this system can increase to 1155 kg per km2 and above 80% cherries were high-quality fruits in continuous two years. 【Conclusion】 The improved cultivation facilities can significantly improve the quality and yield of sweet cherry and also increase the economic benefits of cultivation.