广州地区白梨早熟品种高接试验

A preliminary study of top grafting of early maturing white pear varieties in Guangzhou

【目的】引进白梨早熟品种‘中梨4号’和‘早酥蜜’进行高接,以期在广州提早新鲜梨果的上市。【方法】从郑州采取‘中梨4号’和‘早酥蜜’的接穗,在广州地区高接,观察其开花结果情况,统计嫁接成活率、成花率、坐果率等指标,并于果实成熟期分析果实品质,测定单果质量、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量及可溶性糖含量。【结果】‘中梨4号’和‘早酥蜜’的接穗高接后,在广州地区正常开花结果,2者的坐果率与广东当地的品种‘粤引早脆梨’相比较低,但成熟期比‘粤引早脆梨’提前20 d;果实单果质量分别为271.37 g和224.07 g,与‘粤引早脆梨’相比,果个偏小;依据果形指数判断,‘中梨4号’为近圆形,‘早酥蜜’为卵圆形,而‘粤引早脆梨’为扁圆形;‘中梨4号’和‘早酥蜜’的果实品质相差无几,而2者的果实风味与‘粤引早脆梨’相比均偏甜,因为2者果实的可滴定酸含量均低于‘粤引早脆梨’,而可溶性糖含量均高于‘粤引早脆梨’。【结论】白梨早熟品种‘中梨4号’和‘早酥蜜’在广州地区通过高接可以正常开花结果,果实品质较好,果实成熟期提前,而且早于广东本地的早熟梨品种‘粤引早脆梨’。

【Objective】To advance the marketing season pear,the early maturing white pear varieties,‘Zhongli 4’and‘Zaosumi’were grafted in Guangzhou area.【Methods】The scion buds of‘Zhongli 4’and‘Zaosumi’were collected from Zhengzhou.Their flowering and fruiting behaviors were observed,and the graft survival rate,flowering rate and fruit set were recorded.Their fruit quality were evaluated by detecting fruit weight,fruit shape index,and contents of total soluble solids,titratable acids and soluble sugars.【Results】The scion buds of‘Zhongli 4’and‘Zaosumi’were grafted in Guangzhou in the mid of January in 2015,blossomed in the mid of February,and fruit set in the early March and matured by the end of May.Their fruit set rate was lower than that of‘Yueyinzaocuili’,a local variety in Guangdong,while their harvest time was 20 days earlier than‘Yueyinzaocuili’.The fruit weight of‘Zhongli 4’and‘Zaosumi’was 271.37 g and 224.07 g,respectively,and lower than that of‘Yueyinzaocuili’.According to fruit shape index,the shape of‘Zhongli 4’was nearly spherical,and‘Zaosumi’was ovoid,while‘Yueyinzaocuili’was oblateness.There was little difference in fruit quality between‘Zhongli 4’and‘Zaosumi’,and they were both sweeter than‘Yueyinzaocuili’,due to higher soluble sugar content and lower titratable acid content.【Conclusion】The early maturing varieties of‘Zhongli 4’and‘Zaosumi’from the north graftedin Guangzhou developed normally and produced fruit with good quality that matured earlier than the local variety‘Yueyinzaocuili’.Therefore,grafting north pear varieties in southern area could advance the marketing season of pear fruit,and satisfying the needs of consumers.