山东省中西部梨果实果肉木栓化褐变的成因及防治

Causes of flesh browning by suberification in pear fruit and its control in midwest Shandong province

【目的】近年来,梨果实果肉普遍发生木栓化褐变现象,已严重影响了梨果的产量和品质。为了揭示梨果肉木栓化褐变的发生原因以及为其防治提供理论依据,我们对山东省中西部梨优势产区中典型的发病果园进行了深入调查与分析。【方法】选取滕州、阳信、泰安等地典型发病的梨园,分别采集土壤、叶片及果实样品,对果实病变症状及土样、叶片和果实中的钙、硼含量进行分析。【结果】梨果实果肉木栓化褐变症状集中发生在果实成熟期,果肉变棕褐色,呈海绵状;对土壤、叶片和果实中钙、硼含量的比较分析说明在成熟期果实的蒸腾作用减弱,随蒸腾液流入果实的钙和硼元素明显减少,同时套袋处理及天气等原因加剧了果实对钙、硼吸收不足,导致果肉发生木栓化褐变现象。【结论】最后建议在实际生产中通过增施有机肥、施基肥时掺入钙、硼肥以及采收前喷施钙、硼水溶肥等3项措施来减轻或避免梨果肉木栓化褐变症状的发生。

【Objective】Flesh browning by suberification is a common phenomenon in pear production,which has seriously affected the quality of pear fruit.In order to reveal the causes of flesh browning and provide theoretical basis for its prevention measures,we investigated and analyzed the typical orchards in the superior pear producing areas in midwest of Shandong province.【Methods】The typical orchards in Tengzhou,Yangxin and Taian were selected,and soil,leaf and fruit samples were collected respectively to analyze the symptoms of fruit diseases and the contents of calcium and boron in soil,leaves and fruits samples.【Results】The results showed that flesh browning of pear fruit mainly occurred in the mature period of fruit,and the pulp turned brown and spongy.The comparative analysis results of calcium and boron contents in soil,leaves and fruits showed that the absorption into fruit of calcium and boron were reduced significantly with decreased transpiration fluid in the mature period.Furthermore,the insufficient absorption of calcium and boron were aggravated by fruit-bagging treatment and weather,which ultimately led to the occurrence of flesh browning by suberification in pear fruit.【Conclusion】Finally,it is suggested to reduce or avoid the occurrence of flesh browning in pear fruit by increasing organic fertilizer,applying calcium and boron fertilizer as basic fertilizer and spraying calcium and boron water soluble fertilizer before harvest.