我国尾水型人工湿地发展现状

Development Status of Constructed Wetland (CWs) for Treatment of Terminal Effluent of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in China

污水厂尾水水质的提升在水环境质量改善中起到日益重要的作用,而人工湿地具有运行费用低、景观效果好等优点,在尾水水质的提升中具有良好的应用前景。尾水型人工湿地可分为塘-表、塘-床、(塘)-床-表、强化预处理型四种常见类型,分析了各种类型工艺的特点,并介绍了实际工程案例。同时,提出了应因地制宜地采用人工湿地工艺类型,从全生命周期的角度考虑湿地的建设和运营,并加强人工湿地建成后的效果评估,以最大化地发挥人工湿地的综合效益。

Improvement of wastewater treatment plant terminal effluent quality has played more and more important roles in the protection of surface water quality. Constructed wetlands (CWs) with advantages such as low cost and good effect could be widely applied in treatment of terminal effluent of WWTPs. According to the classification of the treatment methods,CWs for treatment of terminal effluent were divided into four types including stabilization pond-surface flow wetland,stabilization pond-subsurface flow wetland, (stabilization pond)-subsurface flow wetland-surface flow wetland,and intensive pretreatment. The characteristics of various types of CWs were analyzed,and practical cases were introduced. In addition,some suggestions were concluded as follows: the CWs types should be adopted according to local conditions;the construction and operation of wetland should be considered in view of the whole life cycle;and the effect evaluation of constructed wetland should be strengthened. As a result,the comprehensive benefits could be maximized in the application of CWs.