试论制约古代诗体生成演变的诸种因素

Discussion on Elements Restricted by Styles of Ancient Poems' Forming and Developing

从二言诗到三言诗,再到四言诗,实质是每句诗节拍的发展变化,是由一节拍到二节拍。二言诗到四言诗时代,诗歌和音乐还没有分家,诗是用于演唱,因此,音乐的节拍就成为制约诗体生成演变的重要因素,遵循的是整拍律。后来的五言诗、七言诗,每句或是两拍半,或是三拍半,遵循的是半拍律,诗歌已经和音乐脱离。中国古代诗歌格律化以后,各种新体诗以及词都受阴阳学说的制约,形成每句的字数和全诗行数奇偶互补的体制,既富于变化,又有较大的稳定性。

From a poem with two characters to a line to a poem with three characters to a line, even to a poem with four characters to a line,the development in fact is the change of metre, which grow up from one metre to two metres. Poem and music had not separated yet, during the era that a poem with two characters developed to a poem with four characters. In this era, poem is used to be sang, so that the metre of music became the most important element which restricted the forming and developing of ancient poem. This restriction follows whole rules of rhyming. Afterwards an eightline poem with five characters to a line and a strict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme and an eight-line poem with seven characters to a line and a strict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme restricted half rules of rhyming, that means the metres would be two and a half or three and a half in each sentence. At that time poem had separated from music. After rules and forms of classical poetic composition of ancient poems of China had established, every kind of 'modern style' poetry and even ci were restricted by the theory of Yinyang and formed system of organization that the words are odd number in every sentence and the sentences are even number in the whole poem. What's more, the odd and the even reciprocated each other, were more rich in change and were more stable.