清代通草水彩画颜料的原位无损分析

Non Destructive in Situ Characterization of Pigments on a Picture of Qing Watercolors on Pith

利用显微共焦激光拉曼光谱技术和超景深显微技术,对一张清代通草水彩画的颜料进行原位无损分析。经过分析,结果表明:该幅清代通草水彩画中红色颜料为铅丹,蓝色颜料为合成群青,黑色颜料炭黑(C),白色颜料为碳酸钙和铅白的混合颜料,绿色颜料为孔雀石和巴黎绿的混合颜料,黄色颜料成分尚需进一步检测。群青和巴黎绿均为人工合成颜料,首次合成时间分别为1830年和1814年,巴黎绿在19世纪50年代才应用于中国绘画中,由此推测该幅清代通草水彩画绘制时间约为清代中晚期以后。研究表明:由于受清代通草水彩画纸张材料植物细胞结构和文物的特殊性限制,拉曼光谱技术和超景深显微技术成为目前无损分析清代通草水彩画颜料的较为合适的方法,为清代通草水彩画的保护及修复工作提供一些信息和依据。

In this paper,pigments of a piece of Qing watercolors on Pith were tested by laser Raman spectrometer and super depth microscopy.The analysis indicate that the chromogenic substances of red pigment is minium,the chromogenic substances of blue pigment is ultramarine,the chromogenic substances of black pigment is carbon black,the chromogenic substances of white pigments are calcite and hydrocerussite,the chromogenic substances of green pigments are malachite and emerald green.The chromogenic substances of yellow pigments needs further testing.Ultramarine and emerald green are synthetic pigments and the first synthesis time was 1830 and 1814 respectively.Emerald green was not used in Chinese painting until the 1950 s,and it was concluded that this piece of Qing watercolors on pith was possibly drawn after the middle and late Qing Dynasty.This study shows that LRS is ideal and powerful tools for nondestructive identification of pigments on Qing watercolors on pith due to the plant cell structure of the Qing watercolors on pith paper and the particularity of cultural relics.The technique has broad application in preservation and restoration of cultural relics.