西周金文与召公身世之考证

Textual Research of the Inscriptions on Bronze of Western Zhou Dynasty and Prince Shaogong's Life of Experience

召公奭是商末周初著名历史人物之一,然而关于他的身世,却是自汉以降二千多年来学界颇有争议的问题。一种观点认为召公奭是周文王的儿子,而另一种观点却认为召公奭仅是“周之支族”,与周王室的血缘关系较远。本文通过对相关古典文献资料的梳理、分析,特别是通过对西周燕召铜器铭文中“日名之制”的分析,认为召公奭并非如某些文献所言为周文王子,困为“日名之制’是殷人使用的制度,周王室是不采用的,召公氏族虽与姬周同姓却是“周之支族”,此族本与姬周本支同居西土,后从本支分离出来迁居于东方“召”地,“召”随后演变为此姬周别支之氏族名、国名。

Prince Shaogong was one of the well-known historical figures, but his life of experience has been an arguable question for more than 2000 years since Western Han Dynasty. One opinion holds that he was the son of Emperor Wenwang, while the other holds that he was only from 'the side clan of the royal family of Zhou' with far blood relation of it. By carding and analyzing lots of concerned classic literature, especially the inscriptions of 'the system of ri-ming' recorded on the bronze of Yan-shao of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the author holds that Prince Shaogong was not Wenwang's son because that 'the system of riming' was the system used by people of Yin Dynasty but not by people of Zhou Dynasty. The tribe of Shaogong, though had the same family name 'ji', yet was 'the side clan of Zhou', which originally had lived in the west land together with the same large clan of 'ji-zhou'. Afterward, it was divided from the large clan and moved and lived in the east land 'shao'. Then it gradually changed into a tribe name of the side-clan of 'ji-zhou' and a country's name.