服色文化与君臣权斗——汉初服色“外黑内赤”新论

Color Culture and the Power Politics between the Monarch and Ministers: A New Examination of the Early Han Black and Red Color Admiration

秦始皇统一六国,服色"上黑";汉王刘邦王巴蜀、汉中,色"上赤",最早至高祖五年袭秦德"色上黑"。文帝前元十四年改为"外黑内赤",这不仅是秦、楚集团调和的产物,更蕴含新兴皇权与秦、楚集团的博弈;至武帝定服色"上黄",汉代服色基本定谳,皇权成为国家权力的最高主宰。汉初服色改易过程虽然隐含着秦、楚集团博弈与调和,但更多体现的则是新兴皇权与旧有权贵间的权力争夺;服色的变化与选择旨在建立强大皇权和维护皇权正统性,服色改易的过程同时也是臣权衰退、皇权强化的过程。

The Admired outfit color in the First Emperor year was black. At the beginning year of Emperor Gaozu’s military competition with other powers, the red color was admired the most. By the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu after the establishment of the Western Han dynasty, the black was admired. In 166 BC., the combination of inside red and outside black was admired. When Emperor Wudi in his reign(140-87 BC.), yellow became the most admired color. Behind these changes, there are political games between the different groups and the contradiction between the imperial power and the old influential officials. The imperial power was eventually strengthened in this process.