全球城市的可负担住房政策分析及对上海的启示

Analysis of Affordable Housing Policy in Global Cities and the Inspiration to Shanghai

全球化进入新阶段,人才流动性增强,社会空间极化加剧,全球城市面临相似的住房危机:住房需求增加,房价租金上涨,收入极化加剧,包括中等收入者在内的居民住房负担加重。为了提升城市竞争力和维护社会稳定,许多全球城市重新将"可负担住房"作为住房政策的核心,对迈向全球城市的上海具有借鉴意义。本文基于全球城市理论,关注全球城市如何调整可负担住房政策来应对住房和发展问题;梳理伦敦、纽约和新加坡的可负担住房政策,通过比较分析政策类型和政策得失,总结全球城市可负担住房政策相似的发展趋势和不同的制度条件,以此来评价现阶段上海市保障性住房政策,并根据上海市的制度条件提出针对性建议。

In the current stage of globalization,city competition could be regarded as the competition of talents,as globalization has been powered by knowledge and talent flows.Meanwhile,sociospatial polarization has been even more obvious in global cities.Most global cities are confronted with similar housing crisis:the flood of immigrants has led to the sharp increase of housing demand,along with housing price and rent;on the other hand,housing becomes unaffordable for more people in the context of income polarization.Thus,affordable housing policies have resurged in many global cities in order to boost city competition and maintain social stability,which can be referenced by Shanghai.In the lens of the global city theory,the paper reviews the affordable housing policies in London,New York and Singapore in recent decades.The comparative study of policy contents and outcomes leads to the discussion on the policy convergence and contextual distinctiveness.In the end,this paper analyses the problems and institutional contexts of the affordable housing policies in Shanghai to makes targeted suggestion for further housing policy.