311例面部皮炎患者斑贴试验结果分析

Analysis of the patch test results in 311 patients with facial dermatitis

目的探讨面部皮炎患者的外源性接触性变应原的特点及其临床意义。方法回顾性研究311例面部皮炎患者的斑贴试验结果,对数据进行统计学分析。结果 311例面部皮炎患者斑贴试验阳性率为90.35%,其中40.84%的患者存在5种及以上的阳性变应原。45种检测物中,列前五位的常见变应原依次为溴硝丙二醇(59.16%),硫柳汞(43.73%),氯化钴(38.59%),氯化镍(37.94%),十二醇硫酸钠(33.76%)。男女患者斑贴试验阳性率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但男性患者二甲苯和萘基混合物的阳性检出率明显高于女性(P<0.05)。此外,各年龄组间比较斑贴试验阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论溴硝丙二醇、硫柳汞、氯化钴、氯化镍及十二醇硫酸钠是面部皮炎的主要变应原,性别、年龄因素对斑贴试验阳性率无显著影响。

Objective To discuss the characteristics and clinical significance of exogenous contact allergens in facial dermatitis patients. Methods A total of 311 facial dermatitis patients were tested by patch test for 45 exogenous contact allergens and their results were analyzed statistically. Results The whole positive sensitivity rate was 90.35%, and among them 40.84% cases were sensitive to more than five kinds of allergens. However, the major positive allergens were bronopol(59.16%), thimerosal(43.73%), cobalt chloride(38.59%), nickel chloride(37.94%) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(33.76%). The positive rate of patch test showed no statistical significance in different genders and ages, but male patients showed a higher positive patch test rate to dimethylbenzene/naphthylene mixture than that of female patients(P<0.05). Conclusion Bronopol, thimerosal, cobalt chloride, nickel chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate are the major allergens causing facial dermatitis in local region.