语言测试反拨效应研究亟需厘清的几个基本问题

Some basic issues needed to clarify in washback studies

在过去二十多年里语言测试的反拨效应引起了国内研究者的广泛关注,涌现出了大量成果。然而,通过对文献的分析发现,不少研究者对反拨效应的本质、反拨效应的影响因素、反拨效应研究的维度、反拨效应与效度的关系等问题缺乏清楚的认识甚至存在认识上的误区,从而在一定程度上影响了研究方法的科学性和研究结果的信服力。笔者认为有必要厘清有关反拨效应研究的一些基本问题,为欲从事反拨效应研究的相关人员提供参考。

Over the past two decades,washback has attracted wide attention from researchers in China and the number of studies on washback has increased considerably.However,it is found through literature review that some researchers have less clear understanding and even misunderstanding of the nature of washback,the factors contributing to washback,dimensions of washback,as well as the relationship between washback and validity.As a result,it reduces the scientificness of research and makes the research results less convincing to some extent.The author suggests that it is necessary to clarify the basic issues of washback studies with the purpose of providing advice for future washback studies.