不同年龄阶段育龄期女性乙型肝炎病毒感染状况现况调查

Investigation of hepatitis B virus infection status quo in different age groups of childbearing age women

目的调查育龄期女性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染状况,为孕前妇女采取有效的干预、治疗及阻断措施提供理论依据。方法分别采用酶联免疫吸附及时间分辨免疫荧光分析法检测该院2012年2月至2013年9月间门诊及住院68 682例育龄期女性的乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg),并根据年龄、居住地和就诊科室对感染率等结果进行分析。结果在68 682例育龄期女性中,HBsAg阳性者3 260例,HBsAg阳性率为4.70%,乙型肝炎感染阳性率在不同年龄段育龄期女性中存在差异,16~<20岁组、20~<25岁组、25~<30岁组、30~<35岁组、35~<40岁组、40~<45岁组及45~<50岁组HBsAg的阳性率分别为3.83%、4.89%、4.96%、4.91%、4.18%、4.40%和4.18%,各组间差异比较有统计学意义(χ2=15.76,P=0.015),其中25~<30岁组女性HBV感染阳性率最高。HBV感染阳性率同时存在地域分布及就诊科室差异,农村地区感染阳性率显著高于城市,差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.47,P<0.05),门诊科室乙型肝炎感染阳性率高于住院科室,差异有统计学意义(χ2=46.88,P<0.05)。结论在20~<35岁间育龄期女性HBV感染率最高,应加强此年龄段女性的HBV的筛查防治工作,有助于及时发现阳性患者,预防HBV的母婴传播。

Objective To investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status quo among childbearing age women to provide the theoretical basis for adopting the effective intervention ,treatment and blocking measures in pre-pregnant women .Methods The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the time-resolved fluorometric immunoassay were adopted to detect HbsAg in 68 682 children bearing age women ,including outpatient and hospitalized patients ,in this hospital from February 2012 to September 2013 .The detect results were analyzed according to the age ,place of residence and medical departments .Results Among 68 682 children bearing age women ,3 260 cases were found positive for HbsAg with the HBsAg positive rate of 4 .70% .The statistically significant differences in the HBV infection positive rate existed among different age groups ,the positive rates in the age groups of 16- <20 years ,20 - < 25 years ,25 - < 30 years ,30 - < 35 years ,35 - < 40 years ,40 - < 45 years and 45 - < 50 years were 3 .83% ,4 .89% ,4 .96% ,4 .91% ,4 .18% ,4 .40% and 4 .18% respectively ,the differences among them had statistical significance (χ2 =15 .76 ,P=0 .015) ,in which the age 25- <30 years group had the highest HBV infection rate .At the same time the signifi-cant differences in the geographical distribution and medical departments existed .The HBV infection positive rate in rural area was significantly higher than that in city with statistical difference (χ2 =27 .47 ,P<0 .05) ,and the HBV infection positive rate in the outpatient departments was higher than that in the inpatient departments with statistical difference (χ2 =46 .88 ,P<0 .05) .Conclu-sion Children bearing women at 20-34 years old show the highest HBV infection rate .The HBV screening and the works of pre-vention and treatment during this age period should be strengthened ,which conduces to discover the HBV infection positive patients in time and prevent the mother-to-fetus transmission .