平湖市室外空气污染物PM_(2.5)认知情况调查

Cognition on Knowledge of Outdoor Air Pollutant (PM_(2. 5)) in Pinghu City Residents

目的了解平湖市居民PM2.5的认知情况,为政府制定相关的政策提供科学依据。方法 2015年10月1日—12月31日期间,用统一自行设计的调查问卷对在本地居住超过3个月、年龄介于17岁65岁的常住居民进行匿名调查。主要调查居民对大气细颗粒物PM2.5知晓情况及在空气污染时是否采取自我防护措施。知晓率之间的比较采用单因素卡方检验。结果共调查420人,有效问卷398份,94.76%,其中男195人、女203人,年龄中位数32岁。PM2.5知晓率为75.13%（299/398）;本科及以上知晓率（96%）远高于高中及以下（53.1%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;公务员或国企事业单位在职人员知晓率（90.32%）远高于农民（34.55%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。空气污染严重时,居民以采取佩戴口罩78.39%（312/398）为主。结论被调查的平湖市居民对PM2.5对健康的影响认知水平还有待于进一步提高,特别是针对农民和年龄偏大的人群应该加大PM2.5对健康的危害宣传力度。

Objective To understand the cognitive status of Pinghu residents on knowledge related to PM2.5,and to provide basis for the government to formulate relevant policy. Methods A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge on PM2.5in residents aged between 17 and 65 and living in Pinghu for more than three months. The investigation was mainly on the cognition related to PM2.5 and whether self- protection measures have been taken during air pollution days. Single factor chi- square test was adopted for the comparison of cognition rate. Results A total of 398 valid questionnaires（ male 195,female 203,median age 32 years,range 17 to65 years） were responded from 420 interviewees,with a response rate of 94. 76%. The awareness rate on PM2.5was 75. 13%（ 299 /398）,the awareness rate in 17 to 25 year- old group was up to 85. 96%. The awareness rate（ 96%） in residents of colledgeatudent and above was significantly higher than those with high school education and below（ 53. 1%）,the difference was statistically significant（ P < 0. 01）; the awareness rate in civil servants or state- owned business stuffs（ 90. 32%） was much higher than that of the farmer（ 34. 55%）,the difference was statistically significant（ P < 0. 01）. Wearing face- muskwas the major protective measures in severe air polluted days（ 78. 39%,312 /398）. Conclusion The cognitive level of people to PM2.5remained to be improved,especially for farmers and older people.