集中空调新风系统设计卫生问题分析

Hygienic Issue of Designing Fresh Air System for Central Air-conditioning System

目的对上海市32家建设项目集中空调新风系统设计卫生问题进行分析,为相关部门制定卫生管理措施提供科学依据。方法采用检查表法,收集32家建设项目可行性研究报告、设计方案,综合分析建设项目集中空调通风系统可能存在的健康危害因素。结果 32家建设项目集中空调通风系统中,34%的建设项目新风量设计参数符合卫生标准要求,69%的建设项目设计图纸上详细标明了新风在不同区域如何分配,50%的建设项目不存在疏漏新风系统设计的情况,84%的建设项目新风直接取自室外,9%的建设项目设置了防虫网及初效过滤器,31%的建设项目新风口位置符合卫生标准要求。结论上海市建设项目集中空调通风系统设计未严格遵守《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》等相关卫生规范,设计和卫生学评价人员应加强沟通与校核,卫生部门应加强卫生监督与管理。

Objective To analyze the hygienic issue in the design of fresh air system for central air conditioning system in 32 building projects in Shanghai to provide scientific basis for the relevant departments to formulate sanitary management measures. Method The possible existence of health hazards in central air conditioning and ventilating system was analyzed by checklists collected from the feasibility report and design proposal of 32 construction projects. Results On the design parameter for fresh air in central air conditioning and ventilating system,only 34% of 32 construction projects met the hygienic standards; 69% of them specified the distribution of fresh air in different areas on design drawings,50% of them were lack of design for fresh air system,84% of them got fresh air directly from outdoors,9% of them set up air filter and insect nets,the air inlet position in 31% of them met the hygienic standards. Conclusions The design of central air conditioning system in construction projects in Shanghai did not strictly comply with the hygienic standards for central air conditioning and ventilation systems in public places and the relevant health standards. Communication among designers and hygienic evaluators and checking central air conditioning and ventilating system regularly should be strengthened. Hygienic supervision and management should be strengthened by health authorities.