尼泊尔加德满都地震灾区安置点环境卫生快速评估

Rapid Assessment on Environmental Sanitation of Allocations after an Earthquake in Kathmandu Area of Nepal

目的对尼泊尔加德满都地震灾区安置点环境卫生进行快速评估,识别安置点最主要的环境卫生隐患,以便及时采取措施消除危险因素。方法制定统一的评估表对安置点进行现场调查,调查内容为厕所、垃圾和病媒生物。结果共调查了24个安置点,平均每个帐篷居住18人。71%(17/24)的点使用公共厕所,53%(9/17)的公共厕所无人负责打扫卫生,18%(3/17)的公共厕所粪便有裸露现象。38%(9/24)的点无固定的垃圾集中堆放点。71%(17/24)的安置点有随意丢放垃圾现象。58%(14/24)的安置点目测苍蝇密度很高,所有安置点均无防蚊措施。结论尼泊尔加德满都地震灾区安置点环境卫生状况较差,存在传染病传播风险,要采取措施改善安置点环境卫生状况。

Objective To rapidly assess the environmental sanitation of allocations after an earthquake in Kathmandu area of Nepal, to find out main potential hazards of environmental health and the solutions.Method Field surveys were conducted with a unified questionnaire including the hygienic situation of toilet,garbage and vectors. Results A total of 24 allocations were investigated and 18 people lived in one tent on average.There were public toilets in 75%( 18 /24) of allocations. No one was responsible for cleaning in 56%( 10 /18) of the public toilets,and unina feces were exposed in 22%( 4 /18) of public toilets. No fixed garbage dump site was set up in 38%( 9 /24) of allocations,and garbage were thrown anywhere in 71%( 17 /24) of allocations. In 58%( 14 /24) of allocations,the visual density of flies was very high and no installations for mosquito contorol and prevention in all allocations. Conclusions After earthquake in Kathmandu area of Nepal,the situation of environmental sanitation was very bad in all allocations. The risk which could cause transmission of infectious diseases was existed,and public health measures should be adopted to improve sanitation.