江西省农村学校卫生管理及饮水安全现状分析

Current Situation Analysis of Sanitary Management and Drinking Water Safety in Rural Schools of Jiangxi Province

目的了解江西省农村学校饮水安全及其卫生管理现状,评估饮用水安全状况。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取江西省11个市设区的28个县,140个乡镇,278所中小学,采用统一的调查表,通过访谈、现场调查等方法收集卫生管理相关资料。对76个县226所中小学饮用水水质进行检测。结果农村学校卫生人员配备和学生健康档案的建档比例均较低,分别为5.40%和17.63%;学校供水方式以村镇水厂供水为主,占43.17%;主要饮水方式为自带水的学校比例最高,占39.57%,直接饮用自来水的占3.60%,寄宿学校提供开水的比例较低,占40.33%;学校供水中未处理的占37.56%,不消毒的57.47%,水质合格率为42.48%,消除微生物污染后水质合格率为81.19%。结论农村学校卫生管理措施不足,学生存在不安全饮水方式,学校供水水质合格率低,学生饮水安全存在一定的健康风险。

Objectives To understand the status of drinking water safety and sanitary management in rural schools in Jiangxi province and evaluate the sanitary safety status of drinking water.Methods 28 counties,140 towns,and 278 schools in Jiangxi were selected using stratified random sampling method.Information and data was collected through interviews and field sanitary survey with uniform questionnaires.Water quality examinations was done in 226 schools in 76 counties.Results School health personnel ratio and health records rate were as low as 5.40%and 17.63%,respectively.The main water supply type of the school was the village water plant,accounted for 43.17%;the proportion of schools which students mainly bringing water by themselves was the highest,accounted for 39.57%.The proportion of direct drinking of tap water was 3.60%.The proportion of boarding schools providing boiled water was lower,accounted for 40.33%;in school water supplies,37.56%were untreated,and 57.47%were not disinfected.The qualified rate of drinking water was 42.48%.The qualified rate of drinking water after eliminating microbial pollution was 81.19%.Conclusions The measures of sanitary management was inadequate in rural schools.Unsafe drinking water supply type existed among students.The qualified rate of drinking water supplies in rural schools was low.There were certain health risks in students drinking water safety.