2014—2018年深圳市罗湖区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况分析

Sanitary Condition of Central Air Conditioning Ventilation Systems in Public Places of Luohu District, Shenzhen (2014-2018)

目的调查分析2014—2018年深圳市罗湖区公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生状况,为卫生监督管理提供依据。方法将2014—2018年深圳市罗湖区共190间次公共场所作为监测对象,卫生学指标包括风管内表面真菌总数、细菌总数、积尘量,送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、β—溶血性链球菌、可吸入颗粒物,新风量,冷却水、冷凝水中的嗜肺军团菌。结果 2014—2018年共抽取190套空调系统,场所合格率74.21%,样品合格率为88.42%。10项卫生指标的合格率范围在62.96%~100.00%之间。送风中细菌总数的合格率低于风管内表面细菌总数合格率(P<0.05),送风中真菌总数的合格率低于风管内表面真菌总数合格率(P<0.05)。风管内表面细菌总数与风管内表面真菌总数呈正相关(P<0.05),送风中细菌总数与送风中真菌总数呈正相关(P<0.05)。采集的258份冷却水中,13份中检出嗜肺军团菌,检出率为5.04%,检出的嗜肺军团菌以LP1型为主,占61.54%。结论深圳市罗湖区公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生状况仍有改善的空间,相关部门应加大监管力度和宣教工作。

Objectives To investigate and analyze the hygienic condition of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places in Luohu District,Shenzhen from 2014 to 2018,and provide vidence for health supervision and management.Methods A total of 190 public places in Luohu District,Shenzhen,were selected in 2014—2018.The hygienic indicators include total fungi count,total number of colonies,and dust on inner surface of air duct,total fungi count,total number of colony,β-hemolytic streptococcus,and inhalable particulate matter in air supply,fresh air volume,and Legionella Pneumophila in cooling water and condensate water.ResultsTotal 190 air conditioning systems were selected in 2018,the qualified rate of the public places was 74.21%,and the qualified rate of samples was 88.42%.The qualified rate of ten hygienic indexes ranged from 62.96%to 100.00%.The qualified rate of the total number of colonies in the air supply system was lower than that on the inner surface of the duct(P<0.05),and the qualified rate of the total fungi in the air supply system was lower than that on the inner surface of the duct(P<0.05).The total number of colonies was positively correlated with the total fungi on the inner surface of the duct(P<0.05),which colonies was also positively correlated with the total fungi in the air supply(P<0.05).Total 258 cooling water samples were collected,Legionella Pneumophila was detected in 13 cooling water samples with a detection rate of 5.04%,and LP1 type was the main type of detected Legionella Pneumophila,accounting for 61.54%.Conclusions There is still room for improvement of the sanitary status of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public places in Luohu District,Shenzhen City.Relevant departments should strengthen supervision and education work.