实践观的变迁与哲学的实践转向

Changes of the View of Practice and the Practical Transition of Philosophy

在中国马克思主义哲学界,存在着三种类型的实践观,其间的根本区别主要在于对于理论与实践关系的理解,以及在这种理解中所做的本体论预设。在第一种实践观之中,理论与实践之间只有一种外在的关联,即实践只是获取感性材料和验证认识真理性的手段。而在后两种实践观之中,这一关系则是内在的,但在第二种实践观中,实践实际上已经被理论化了,成了理论体系中的一个奠基性要素,而在第三种实践观中,理论活动则被视为实践活动的一个要素,理论被还原为了一种特别的实践活动。三种实践观对应着三种哲学思维范式:第一种对应于实体性哲学,第二种对应于主体性哲学,而只有第三种实践观才构成了实践哲学的基础,在此基础上才能真正实现哲学的实践转向。

There have been three different views of practice in the field of Marxist philosophy, and the basic difference between them lies in the understanding of the relation of theory and practice as well as in the ontological prediction of the understanding. The first view of practice holds that theory and practice only have a external connection which means that practice is simply the tool to obtain perceptual material and test the truth of cognition, while from the other two views of practice, theory and practice have a internal relation. From the second view of practice, practice actually has the theoretical orientation and becomes the basic element of theory. The third view of practice holds the idea that theoretical activity is the basic element of practical activity and theory has been taken as a special kind of practical activity. The three views of practice correspond to the three models of philosophical thinking f first view corresponds to the ontological philosophy second view corresponds to subject philosophy and only the third view constitutes the basis of practical philosophy and on this basis philosophy can realize its practical transition.