美国联邦政府城市政策的形成

The Formation of U.S. Federal Urban Policies

建国时期 ,美国农业社会的性质使开国元勋在制定宪法时淡化了城市问题 ,在体制上又给予地方较大权力。在各州议会几乎垄断所有决策大权的同时 ,城市也在有限的权力范围内竭力抗争。这种关系延缓了联邦政府的干预。 1 92 9年经济危机爆发后 ,面对日益恶化的城市问题 ,地方政府无能为力 ,迫使联邦政府紧急干预 ,其措施的出台标志着联邦政策的形成 ,与地方政府的关系也发生了质变。同时 ,在政策实施中 ,地方希望得到更多的联邦资金 ,又反对其过多地干预 。

In the 1780s, the nature of American agrarian society prohibited the founding fathers from including urban issues in federal systems and the states were given much power to control local affairs. Given such circumstances, cities were trying to manipulate what they had. This resulted in the delay of federal interferences into local problems. Until the 1930s when urban problems were out of local control did federal government begin to involve and related measures implemented marked the formation of the federal urban policies, which also resulted in the change of the relationship between the central and local governments. Local governments hoped to get more money while trying to prevent federal intrusion into local power. Differences in objectives between federal, state and local governments imposed great limit to the effectiveness of the federal policies.