北京市某高校大学新生肺结核知识知晓情况调查分析

Survey of freshmen' awareness of tuberculosis from a university in Beijing

目的调查北京市某高校大学新生对肺结核知识的知晓情况。方法采用整群随机抽样法抽取1 000名北京市某大学2015年9月新入学的大一新生进行问卷调查,并对调查数据进行统计分析。结果大学新生的肺结核相关知识总知晓率为52.96%。其中,肺结核基本知识总知晓率为56.33%,大学新生对"若出现反复咳嗽、咳痰或痰中带血症状时,应怀疑患上肺结核"的单一知识知晓率最高(74.08%),对"肺结核患者只要接受正规治疗都可以治愈"的单一知识知晓率最低(14.00%);肺结核国家相关政策的总知晓率仅为52.96%,其中"我国肺结核检查和治疗全部免费"的单一知识知晓率低至14.99%。男大学新生肺结核相关知识总知晓率高于女大学新生,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。北京户籍大学新生愿意帮助肺结核患者的比例低于外地户籍大学新生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大学新生获取肺结核知识的途径中排在前3位的依次是观看电视节目、听健康教育讲座和上网查询。大学新生获取肺结核知识的理想途径中排在前3位的依次是图文并茂的健康知识宣传材料、声像制品(如微电影)及纯文字材料。82.43%的大学新生表示愿意更加深入地了解肺结核防控的相关知识。结论该校大学新生的肺结核知识知晓率仍有待提高,应从普及相关知识,纠正大学新生对肺结核的错误认知入手开展宣传教育,充分利用网络媒体,最终达到提高大学新生对肺结核的认知水平的目的。

Objective To survey freshmen'awareness of tuberculosis(TB)in a university of Beijing.Methods Cluster random sampling was used to selected 1 000 freshmen enrolled in September 2015 for the questionnaire survey and the results were analyzed.Results The total awareness rate of freshmen′TB knowledge were52.96%,among which the total awareness rate of TB basic knowledge was 56.33%;the highest awareness rate of ' When coughing repeatedly,expectoration or blood-stained sputum happened,students may have TB' was 74.08%;the lowest awareness rate of ' TB patients could be cured if treated regularly' was 14.00%;the awareness rate of TB national policy knowledge was only 52.96%;and the awareness of knowledge that 'in China all the examination and treatment were free' was 14.99.The awareness rate of male students was higher than the female students,But there was no significant difference between them(P>0.05).The students from other places were more likely to help TB patients than freshmen with Beijing household register and there was significant difference(P<0.05).The top 3ways for freshmen to know about TB were watching TV,listening to speeches and suffering the internet.The Top 3ideal ways for freshmen to know the TB were publicity materials with characters and pictures,voice/video product and written materials.82.43% of the freshmen expressed that they wanted to know more about TB and how to prevent and control it.Conclusion The TB awareness of freshmen in this university shall be improved.The publicity and education should popularize knowledge about TB and correct the students' mistaken awareness of TB through the methods of network media to improve their cognitive level fully.