2Putnam, "Philosophy of Logic", in Contemporary Readings in the Foundations of Metaphysics, S. Laurence & C. Macdonald, ed. Blackwell Publishers, 1998, p. 404.
3I. M. Copi & J. A. Could, Contemporary Philosophical Logic, St. Martin' s Press, Inc., 1978.
4P. I. Bystrov & V. N. Sadovsky, Philosophical Logic and Logical Philosophy, Kluwer Acaemic Publisher,1996.
5D. Gabbay & F. Guenthner, Handbook of Philosophical Logic, vol. I , D. Reidel Publishing Company,1983.
6D.Gabbay & F. Guenthner, Handbook of Philosophical Logic, vol. Ⅱ, D. Reidel Publishing Company,1984.
7D.Gabbay & F. Guenthner, Handbook of Philosophical Logic, vol. Ⅲ D. Reidel Pubfishing Compeuay,1986.
8D. Gabbay & F. Guenthner, Handbook of Philosophical Logic, vol. Ⅳ, D. Beidel Publishing Company,1989.
9S. Haack, Philosophy of Logics, Cambridge University Press, 1978, p. 1.
10S. Wolfram, Philosophical Logic, Routledge, 1989, p. 12.
