植物早期光诱导蛋白的结构、功能及表达模式研究进展

The Research Progress of Early Light Induced Protein in Plant

早期光诱导蛋白(earlylight-induced protein,ELIPs)属于叶绿素结合蛋白(chlorophyll a/b binding proteins,Cabs)超家族,是一类定位于叶绿体类囊体膜上的跨膜蛋白,在蓝藻、苔藓、高等微管植物中都有发现,具有悠久的进化历史。其最早在黄化的豌豆幼苗转绿过程中被发现,因其受诱导的时间比其它光诱导蛋白都早,并在光合器官发育完整后迅速消失,具有瞬时积累的特性而得名。它含有三个跨膜α螺旋,其中第1、3螺旋高度同源并通过谷氨酸和精氨酸之间的离子键交叉相连形成双重对称结构;通过充当色素临时载体或抑制叶绿素的合成等方式行使其光保护和非生物胁迫抗性等功能;它能够受多种非生物胁迫的诱导,如干旱、高盐、低温、高温、强光、UV等;它根据跨膜螺旋数的不同可以分为4个不同的组,且螺旋数变化与环境的变换同步,预示着其功能的不断发展。

Early light-induced protein belongs to the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein superfamily. They are transmembrane proteins which locate in chloroplast thylakoid membrane. They were widely distributed that they have been found in cyanobacteria, bryophytes, vascular plants and have a long evolutionary history. Initially, they were found in etiolated pea seedlings which were turning green. The induction time of them under high light,which is shorter than other light-induced proteins, they were named as ELIPs. With the characteristics of transient accumulation, they disappear quickly after the photosynthetic structures are completely developed. That is why they were called ELIPs. They have three transmembrane α helixs, among which the first and the third α helix bind together through the ionic bond between glutamate and arginine and form a double symmetry structure;They probably have the functions of photoprotection, abiotic stressesresistance and promoting seed germination.The molecular mechanisms behind these functions including temporary carrier for pigments, inhibiting systhesis of chlorophylls and others which were not found yet. There are several abiotic stresses, including decissication,salt, cold, heat, high light, UV, red light and blue light, can induce the transcription and expression of ELIPs.According to the number of transmembrane α helixs, ELIPs can be divided into four groups and the number variety is synchronize with environmental change, which means the function development of ELIPs through the evolutionary progress.