太平鸡遗传多样性及系统发育研究

Studies on Genetic Divesity and Phylogeny of Taiping Chicken(Gallus gallus domesticus)

受外来选育鸡种冲击,部分地方鸡品种处于濒危状态,甚至灭绝。康县太平鸡是我国优良地方鸡种之一,现存数量和分布区域日趋缩小,曾一度被报道灭绝。为研究太平鸡遗传多样性和系统发育,提供其遗传资源保护和开发理论依据,本研究对甘肃地方鸡种(太平鸡)和选育鸡种(快大型白羽肉鸡)线粒体D环(mitochondrial DNA D-loop)高变区进行了测定,并与Gen Bank中不同母系家鸡(Gallus gallus)相应数据比对分析,结果发现104个个体共检测到17个变异位点,12种单倍型,单倍型多样度(Hd)、核苷酸多样度(Pi)及平均核苷酸差异数(K)均较低。经系统发育分析得知太平鸡是起源于我国西南的地方鸡种,白羽肉鸡与起源于印度次大陆的商业选育鸡种具有相同的选育背景。表明太平鸡遗传多样性较低,是起源于我国西南的地方鸡。

Affected by the exotic breedin g chicken breeds, partial local chickens are in dangerous situation or even in peril of extinction. The Taiping chicken(Gallus gallus domesticus) in Kang county is one of the high quality domestic chickens in China. For the present, the existing numbers are decreasing even once considered to be extinct, and chickens’ distribution areas are shrinking. In order to study the genetic diversity and phylogeny of Taiping chickens and to provide academic foundation for protecting and developing genetic resource, we amplified the sequences of mitochondrial DNA D-loop of Gansu local chickens(Taiping chickens) and breeding breeds(white-feather chickens), combined with domestic chickens sequences retrieved from Genebank. The resarch showed that we detected 17 variable sites and defined 12 haplotypes among 104 individuals. The haplotypes diversity, nucleotide diversity and the average number of nucleotide differences were low. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Taiping chickens were originated from the Southwest China local chicken species, the white-feather and commercial breeding breeds which originated in the Indian subcontinent have the same breeding background. The results indicated that Taiping chickens have a lower genetic diversity and it surely belonged to native chicken originated in the Southwest China.