基于居住环境和饮食习惯的儿童过敏性鼻炎危险因素分析

Analysis of Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis in Children Based on Living Environment and Eating Habits

为了探究居住环境和饮食习惯中儿童过敏性鼻炎的可能危险因素,本研究选取有过敏性鼻炎症状,并且过敏原皮肤点刺试验呈阳性的患儿86例为实验组,以1:2比例配对的方法,选择172名无过敏性鼻炎患儿为对照组,使用问卷对两组患儿居住环境和饮食习惯进行调查。回归分析显示,居住环境的16个因素中,是否饲养宠物、住所是否使用空调、地板类型、供暖设备,住所居住人数、房屋面积等6个协变量进入回归方程;饮食习惯的7个因素中,食用鱼类频率1个协变量进入回归方程。研究表明,居住环境与儿童过敏性鼻炎的发生息息相关,此外,食用鱼类频率同样容易引发儿童过敏性鼻炎,因此,在儿童日常生活中,应保持住所居住环境的清洁,控制鱼类食用的频率,可降低儿童过敏性鼻炎的发生率。

In order to explore the possible risk factors of allergic rhinitis in living environment and eating habits of children.86 children with allergic rhinitis(skin prick test positive)were selected as experimental group,172 children without allergic rhinitis were selected as control group.The questionnaire was used to investigate the living environment and eating habits of the two groups of children.Regression analysis showed that among the 16 factors of the living environment,6 covariates,which were whether to keep pets,whether to use the air conditioning,the type of floor,heating equipment,the number of residents living,housing area,entered the regression model;and among the 7 factors of the eating habits,frequency of eating fish entered the regression model.The results showed that living environment was closely related to the occurrence of allergic rhinitis in children.In addition,the frequency of eating fish was also likely to cause allergic rhinitis in children.Therefore,in the daily life of children,it is necessary to keep the living environment clean and control the frequency of eating fish,and which may reduce the incidence of allergic rhinitis in children.