2COLORNI A, DORIGO M, MANIEZZO V. Distributed optimization by ant colonics [A]. Proceedings of 1st European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL'91)[C]. Paris, France:Elsevier Publishing, 1991. 134- 142.
3SAVELSBERGH M. Local search for routing problem with time windows [J]. Annals of Operations Research, 1985,16(4) :285-305.
4MARIUS M, SOLOMON M. Algorithms for vehicle routing and scheduling problems with time window constraints[J].Operations Research, 1987,35(2) :763-781.
5THANGIAH S, NYGARD K,JUELL P G. A genetic algorithm system for vehicle routing with time window[A]. Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications[C]. Florida, USA: Morgan Koufmann Publishers, 1991. 322-325.
6JOE L,ROGER L. Multiple vehicle routing with time and capacity constrains using genetic algorithms[A]. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms[C].Florida, USA: AAAI, 1993. 452-459.
7STUTZLE T,HOOS H H. Max-Min Ant System[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2000,16(9): 889-914.
8REIMANN M,DOERNER K,HARTL R F. D-Ants: savings based ants divide and conquer the vehicle routing problem [J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2004,31 (5): 563-591.
9BULLNHEIMER B, HARTL R, STRAUSS C. An improved ant system algorithm for the vehicle routing problem [J]. Annals of Operations Research 1999, 89 (13): 319 -328.
10BRYSY O,DULLAERT W. A fast evolutionary metaheuristic for the vehicle routing problem with time windows[J].International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools, 2002,12 (2):143-157.