红肉种火龙果种质创新与产期调节

Studies on Germplasm Innovation and Harvesting Adjustment in Red Pitaya

火龙果产期集中导致产销失衡,影响了经济效益的发挥。区域气候条件下的新品种培育、栽培措施改进、产期调节技术的研发,是火龙果产业持续健康发展的关键技术措施。火龙果主要通过杂交育种、芽变选种、实生选种途径育成新品种,种质资源收集是育种工作的前提。火龙果品质和甜度受品种、气候条件、田间管理措施及营养枝数量等的影响,果实套袋可提升外观品质,低温下贮藏时间不得超过3周。灯照时间和强度、果实负载、温度等气候条件影响红肉种花的发育。本项目发育转组测序初步揭示了火龙果花芽分化和花器官形成的机理。灯照催花配合短截修剪、疏花疏果、提高地温、低温贮藏延后出货等措施,实现产期调节。通过深加工开发火龙果系列产品拓宽多元化利用渠道,延伸产业链,提高火龙果附加值。

The contralized bearing stage of pitaya led to unbalance of production and marketing,affecting the economic benefits of pitaya.Breeding of new varieties,improvement of cultivation practices and off-season fruit production are essential for sustainable development of pitaya industry under different geological conditions.New varieties of pitaya are mainly gained through cross breeding,bud mutation selection breeding and seedling selection breeding.Germplasm collection is the premise of breeding.Factors affecting fruit quality of pitaya include cultivars,climate conditions,field management practices and vegetative shoot number.Fruit bagging can effectively improve fruit appearance quality.Storage time should not exceed 3 weeks at low temperature.Light intensity and time,different fruit load,air temperature and other climatic conditions have effects on floral initiation and development.Transcriptome sequencing preliminarily revealed the mechanism of floral bud formation.Regulated fruit maturity by the measures such as flower induction under illumination,heading-back pruning,flower and fruit thinning,increasing soil temperature,low-temperature storage,postponing delivery,etc.Deep processing-based diversified utilization of pitaya is the effective measure in creating added value and extending the industrial chain.