清代贵州竹枝词中“苗蛮”形象的构建——以余上泗《蛮峒竹枝词》为例

Image of the Miao People in Zhu Zhi Ci Poems of Guizhou Area in the Qing Dynasty——A Case Study of Man Dong Zhu Zhi Ci by Yu Shangsi

比较了《蛮峒竹枝词》与明清以来贵州的官私著述中关于"苗蛮"的记载,借助历史人类学、话语分析等方法,分析了清代贵州竹枝词中的"苗蛮"形象问题。发现《蛮峒竹枝词》中关于贵州"苗蛮"形象的记载与前人及同时代作品有着较高的相似度。这种相似性说明当时人们已形成相对固定的话语模式,来描摹、表述、规约文本中的"苗蛮"形象。竹枝词中的这些形象具有差异性、神秘化的特征,其核心是以"礼"而形成的文化秩序。

Adopting the methods of historical anthropology and discourse analysis,this paper analyzes the image of the Miao people(called Miao-man or Barbarian Miao at that time)in Zhu Zhi Ci Poems of Guizhou Province in the Qing Dynasty through comparing the works of Man Dong Zhu Zhi Ci(Bamboo Branch Poems on Ethnic Minorities)with the records of the Miao people in the official and private documents of Guizhou area since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It is found that whta’s written in Man Dong Zhu Zhi Ci about the image of the Miao people in Guizhou area shares a high similarity with the works by its predecessors and contemporaries,which indicates that a relatively fixed discourse model had been formed at that time to describe,represent and categorize the images of the Miao people in the text.These images in Zhu Zhi Ci are featured with otherness and mystification,whose core is the cultural order formed under the reference to 'rite'.