影像民族志本土化研究的两种路径

Two Approaches to Localization of Visual Ethnography

影像民族志作为人类学阐释和描述文化的一种实践手段,传统上面对的是"其他"民族和"国外"社会文化,是跨文化表述他者文化的影像化手段。在当今中国学术研究本土化的情景下,影像民族志面临着研究方法和范式的转向。提出学术性影像志方法(主要指影像民族志和影像民俗志)本土化研究的两条路径:一条是人类学的文化批评路径;另一条是以具体人的生活经验为研究对象的本土化路径,即哲学学理的"生活世界"观念下的日常化与生活化的研究面向。分析两种路径的学理基础,以及在具体实践中影像志的方法与策略。

As a practical means of anthropology to explain and describe culture,visual ethnography traditionally faces 'other' nations and 'foreign' societies and cultures,which makes it a visual means to express the cultures of others.In the situation of localization of academic research in China today,visual ethnography is confronted with the change of research methods and paradigms.This paper puts forward two approaches to the localization research on academic visual chronicles(mainly referring to visual ethnography and visual folklore):one is the path of cultural criticism in anthropology and the other is localization based on the research object of specific human life experience,namely,the research orientation of everyday life under the concept of 'life-world' in philosophical theory.The paper also analyzes theoretical basis of the two approaches,as well as the methods and strategies of visual ethnography in specific practice.