三种苦苣苔对石灰土和红壤的适应性分析

Adaptation of three species of Gesneriaceae in limestone soil and red soil

为探讨苦苣苔科植物对其岩溶生境的适应性,该研究选取黄花牛耳朵(Primulina lutea)、紫花报春苣苔(Pri.purpurea)和桂林蛛毛苣苔(Paraboea guilinensis)三种苦苣苔科植物,将其栽种在石灰土及红壤两种不同类型的土壤中,观测记录其生长性状并对其叶片元素含量进行测定和比较。植株采集过程中,同时采集自然生境中三种苦苣苔科植物叶片及取样植物基部土壤,并对叶片及土壤元素的含量进行测定,作为今后苗圃试验的参照。结果表明:三种苦苣苔科植物在两种土壤上的生长状况及适应性具有差异,其在石灰土上生长良好,在红壤上生长较差;在两种不同土壤中,除N外,桂林蛛毛苣苔的叶片其他元素(P、K、Mn、Mg、Ca、Zn、Cu)差异极显著(P<0.01);除P外,紫花报春苣苔的叶片其他元素(N、K、Mn、Mg、Ca、Zn、Cu)差异极显著(P<0.01);除N、Cu、Ca外,黄花牛耳朵的叶片元素(P、K、Mn、Mg、Zn)差异极显著(P<0.01);三种植物的叶片元素比值,除少数值没有差异外,大部分指标差异都极显著;对叶片元素与栽培土壤元素的相关性分析,发现植物叶片Mn元素与土壤中N、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、有机质含量等呈正相关,土壤P元素与叶片中N、P元素呈正相关,而与叶片中Zn元素呈负相关关系。在其他栽培条件一致的条件下,土壤因素及物种差别是造成黄花牛耳朵、紫花报春苣苔和桂林蛛毛苣苔适应性产生差异的主要原因。

To explore the adaptation of plants of Gesneriaceae on high calcium and lava environment,Primulina lutea,P. purpurea and Paraboea guilinensis,three kinds of plants of Gesneriaceae were cultivated in limestone soil and redsoil. Morphological characters of these plants were discussed,the chemical elemental contents of plant leaves were tested and compared in two soils. At the same time,the leaves and soil were collected in the sampling sites,and the leaf elements and soil elements were measured as a reference of nursery test. The results showed that the growth and adaptability of three species of Gesneriaceae had differences in two kinds of soils. They grew well in the limestone soil,but not well in red soil. Except for N,the other elements in leaves of Paraboea guilinensis such as P,K,Mn,Mg,Ca,Zn and Cu had extremely significant differences( P<0.01). Except for P,the other elements in leaves of Primulina purpurea such as N,K,Mn,Mg,Ca,Zn and Cu had extremely significant differences in these two kinds of soils( P< 0.01). Except for N,Cu,Ca,the other elements in leaves of P. lutea such as P,K,Mn,Mg,Zn had extremely significant differences in these two kinds of soils( P<0.01). Except that some of the leaf element ratios had no difference,most of the leaf element ratios of these three species had extremely significant differences in these two kinds of soils. The correlation analysis of leaf element and cultivated soil element showed that the content of leaf element,like Mn,was positively correlated with the contents of elements in soil such as N,Ca,Mg,Zn,Mn and organic matter. The soil element content,like P,was positively correlated with the content of leaf element such as N,P,and it was negatively related with leaf element like Zn. In the same cultivated conditions,soil and genetic factors were the main causes of different adapations of P. lutea,P. purpurea and Paraboea guilinensis.