20世纪中国文学史研究方法论反思

Reflections on the Methodology of Chinese Literary History Research of 20th Century

2 0世纪中国百年的文学史研究可归纳为三种基本类型 :经验实证方法论类型、理论逻辑方法论类型、文化阐释方法论类型。经验实证方法将文学事实何在作为文学史研究的基本对象 ,将描述文学事实、建立有关文学史知识体系为研究的根本目的 ,但却忽视了文学史研究的人文特征 ,具有自然科学性质。理论逻辑方法将探索文学现象何以存在做为文学史研究的基本任务 ,力图在复杂的社会关系、理论体系和普遍精神逻辑中找寻寓藏于文学现象背后却又决定着文学发展的各种规律 ,但却常常忽视了文学史的历史复杂性和文学本位性。文化阐释方法将文学史研究判定为研究对象与研究主体在现时态中相互建构的个体对话过程 ,强调研究主体的个性文化功能和阐释效应 ,但其研究的知识性。

The research of Chinese literary history of 20th century can be categorized into three types: that of empirical demonstration, that of theoretical logic and that of cultural explanation. The method of empirical demonstration takes literary fact as the basic object of literary history research, the description of literary fact and construction of knowledge system of literary history as the fundamental aim of research, whereas ignores the human characteristic of literary history research.. The method of theoretical logic sees the reason that literary phenomenon exists as the basic task of literary history research and try to find out the laws in complex social relationships, theoretical systems and universal spiritual logic which lies behind the literary phenomenon and determines the development of literature, whereas ignores the historic complexity of literary history and the subjectivity of literature. The method of cultural explanation defines the research of literary history as the course of communication between the object and subject of research and stresses the subjective individual cultural function and explanative effect, whereas the knowledgeability and effectiveness it studies can hardly be established universally.