简论中唐以来传统农业的要素生产率

A Brief Discussion on the Elementary Productivity in Traditional Agriculture Since Mid-Tang Dynasty

传统农业经济发展与否的标志是要素生产率水平 ,传统生产要素包括土地、劳动力、畜力、农具及技术、水利灌溉等。中唐至清代要素生产率和产品剩余率的变化轨迹 ,表明我国的传统农业在明代发展到一个高峰。在没有新的要素注入而生产技术又长期保持不变的情况下 ,传统农业很难再有实质性的进步 ,因此农业作为最基础的产业部门 ,需要从制度到技术进行根本改造 。

The elementary productivity is the standard for the development of traditional agricultural economy. Traditional productive elements include land, labor, stock force, dead stock, technology and irrigation. The change of elementary productivity and productive surplus rate from the mid-Tang to the Qing dynasty demonstrated that China's traditional agriculture developed to its peak in the Ming dynasty. The traditional agriculture can hardly make any substantial progress if there is no new element input or no change in productive technology. Therefore, as the most basic sector, agriculture need a radical reform both in institution and technology.