明治天皇与甲午战争

Emperor Meiji and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894

明治天皇在甲午战争中的态度与责任如何 ?长期以来 ,日本的某些史学家或把他说成是这场战争的反对者 ,或把他视为被军部和政府拖入战争的被动角色。通过对明治天皇在甲午战争全过程中的言行及作用的探讨 ,可以看出 :明治天皇是这场战争的直接推动者和领导者。无论是战前的扩军备战、建立战争体制 ;还是亲自批准向朝鲜派出军队、对华发表宣战诏书、坐阵广岛大本营、协调内阁与军部在战略和策略上的分歧、筹集战争经费、鼓动日军的战争狂热 ;抑或是操纵马关议和、决定接受“三国”干涉 ,等等 ,明治天皇自始至终都扮演着积极主动的角色 ,发挥出了专制君主和最高统帅的作用 ,故犯有“破坏和平罪”

What is the attitude and responsibility of Emperor Meiji in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894? For a long time some Japanese historians have regarded him as the objector or the passive participator of the war. However, we may conclude by what Emperor Meiji said and did throughout the war that he is the direct propellent and leader of the war. He played an active/positive role as a despot and supreme commander and committed a crime of 'destroying peace'.