环境铅与幼儿体内铅水平及健康危害研究

Study on Levels of Environmental Lead and Preschool Children's Body Lead as well as its Effect on Health

目的 了解环境铅与幼儿体内铅水平及对幼儿体格发育的影响。方法 测定大气、食品、饮水等铅含量以及5 0 1例 3～ 6岁儿童发铅和血铅含量 ,并检查 2 6 4名儿童的体格发育情况。结果 计算获得市区幼儿每人每日摄入铅约 5 4 μg ,郊区约 4 5 μg ,市区和郊区幼儿发铅分别是 18 71± 8 8μg/g和 13 97± 8 0 μg/ g:血铅分别是 131 2± 72 1μg/L和 10 8 3± 6 8 1μg/L(1μg/L =0 0 0 4 83μmol/L) ;市区幼儿的发铅和血铅水平显著高于郊区 ,P <0 0 0 1;市区幼儿血铅≥ 10 0 μg/L者占 6 9 8% ,郊区占 4 0 1% ;以血铅 10 0 μg/L划线分组比较幼儿体格发育 ,各年龄段幼儿血铅 <10 0μg/L和≥ 10 0 μg/L组的身高、体重、胸围、头围和血色素含量无显著性差异。 结论 成都市环境铅污染严重 ,幼儿血铅水平及铅中毒流行率较高 ,应重视防治儿童铅中毒。

ObjectiveIn order to understand the levels of environmental lead and the preschool children's body lead as well as the effects on children's physical development.MethodsLead contents of air,food and drinking water etc.were determined.Five hundred and one preschool children aged 3-6 years were detected for hair and blood lead levels and 264 of them were checked for physical development.ResultsIt was estimated through calculation that each child in urban took in 54μg lead and in suburb 45μg every day.The hair lead levels of children in urban and in suburb were (18.71±8.8)μg/g and (13.97±8.0)μg/g,and blood lead levels were (131.2±72.1)μg/L and (108.3±68.1)μg/L and in suburb(1μg/L=0.004 83μmol/L),respectively.There were significant differneces between the children's hair and blood lead levels in urban and in suburb( P <0.001).The percentage of ≥100 μg/L of blood lead concentration in urban was 69.8% and in suburb was 40.1%.The physical development of the two groups of blood lead <100μg/L and ≥100μg/L was compared in each age,and there were no significant differencs in height,weight,chest measurement,skull measurement and haemochrome content between the two groups.ConclusionThe environmental lead pollution was serious in Chengdu area.The blood lead level and the prevalence of lead poisoning in preschool children were rather high.It was important to prevent the children's lead poisoning.