学龄儿童自我意识影响因素的研究

Study on Risk Factors of Self-concept among School-age Children

目的 探讨学龄儿童自我意识的影响因素。方法 采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表和自制家庭及在校情况问卷 ,对 132 6名 9～ 12岁儿童进行现场调查。结果 儿童自我意识及行为、智力与学校情况、合群、幸福与满足等因子 ,女生得分高于男生 ;自我意识随年龄增加得分降低 ;在家庭环境中父母文化程度、职业、性格、教养方式、家庭关系等对学龄儿童自我意识均有影响 ;学校情况中教师态度、学习成绩、与小伙伴关系及好朋友个数等对学龄儿童自我意识亦有明显影响。结论 家庭环境及学校环境对学龄儿童自我意识的形成和发展都起重要的作用 ,改善家庭及学校环境 ,可降低儿童因自我意识出现不良倾向引起行为、学习、人格等障碍的发生率。

ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of self-concept among school-age children.MethodsSelf-made questionnaires about family and school environment and Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale were used to test 1 326 Children aged 9-12.ResultsThere were significant gender differneces in the total score and behavior,intelligence and school,gregariousness,satisfaction score.Girls' score were higher than boys'.And with the age growing the score was becoming lower.Parent's education,occupation,character,parental rearing model and family members's relationshp had effect on self-concept.And so did the school environment factors,such as teacher's attitude,study score,relationship with classmates,the member of friends,ect.ConclusionFamily and school environment had an important influence on the forming and development of self-concept among school-aged children.The improvement of family and school environment could decrease the incident rate of the disorder of behavior,study and personality caused by the disorder of self-concept.