考虑顾客拥塞成本的自提点容量优化研究

Capacity Optimization of Pickup Point under Customer’s Congestion Cost

随着电子商务的发展,自提作为重要的末端配送方式之一,逐渐被电子商务企业、物流企业和末端顾客所接受。现有的自提点的服务能力已经不能满足旺盛的使用需求,而自提点容量和顾客需求不匹配的问题逐渐凸显。企业根据一段时间内较稳定的需求量,对自提点容量进行优化,以提高自提点效率,避免出现资源闲置的情况。通过分段效用函数刻画顾客效用,通过概率函数刻画顾客选择行为,引入拥塞时间函数,构建基于加权的企业改建成本和顾客等待成本之和最小为目标的自提点容量优化模型。针对优化问题,采用烟花算法求解,并通过案例验证了模型和算法的有效性。结果表明,企业改建成本和顾客拥塞成本随着薪资水平的提高,大体呈现缓慢上升的趋势;随着企业建设成本权重的上升,企业改建成本和加权总成本总体上呈逐渐降低的趋势,而顾客拥塞成本则缓慢上升。

With the development of e-commerce,as one of the most important terminal distribution methods,pickup has gradually been accepted by e-commerce companies,logistics companies,and terminal customers.The service capability of existing pickup points has not been able to meet the enormous demand,and the problem of mismatching of capacity and customer needs has become increasingly prominent.Based on the relatively stable demand in a period of time,the company optimizes the capacity of pickup points to improve the efficiency and avoid the situation of idle resources.Piecewise utility function was used to describe customer utility,and probability function was used to depict customer selection behavior.Congestion time function was introduced,and capacity optimization model of pickup point was established aiming at minimizing the sum of enterprise reconstruction cost and customer waiting cost.The fireworks algorithm was used to solve the optimization problem,whose effectiveness was verified by a numerical example.The result shows that the cost of enterprise reconstruction and the cost of customer congestion have generally risen slowly with rising wages.With the increase in the weight of enterprise reconstruction cost,the enterprise reconstruction cost and weighted overall cost tend to gradually decrease,while the customer congestion cost increases slowly.