敦煌本《搜神记》助动词浅析

Analysis of Auxiliary Verb in the “Sou Shen Ji” of Dunhuang Version

助动词是动词里的一个小类,有自己独特的语法特征。它是出现在谓词前面,从可能、意愿、应当等方面对其后的谓词加以修饰或限制的辅助性动词。就目前的研究情况来看,现代汉语助动词研究较为充分,出现了一些较有影响的成果,而古代汉语,特别是中古汉语这方面研究,无论是句法还是语义,成果鲜见。通过对敦煌本《搜神记》中出现的几种助动词进行考察,从语言学的角度分析其主要特征,说明其主要用法,可以揭示中古时期汉语助动词的概貌。

Auxiliary verbs are verbs in a small class,which has its unique grammatical features. It appears in front of the predicate,and decorates or limits its following verbs from the aspects of possibility and willingness. In terms of the current research situation,the study on the modern Chinese auxiliary verbs has some influential achievements. However,the similar study in ancient Chinese,especially the middle Chinese,is weak in both syntactic and semantic. This article,based on several kinds of auxiliary verbs in Dunhuang ' Sou Shen Ji',analyzed the main features from the perspective of linguistics,and illustrated the main usage,tried to reveal the overview of the Chinese auxiliary verbs in the medieval times.