对清代词论中“比兴”“寄托”说的新检讨

The analysis of interpretation in the Qing dynasty from the perspective of metaphor and sustenance

"比兴"与"寄托"本分属于"诗""骚",是中国诗词理论中的两个重要范畴。清代词家朱彝尊、张惠言以"比兴寄托"解词,将其作为诠释的重要内容。但在实际的评论中,却对"比兴""寄托"各有侧重,其中"寄托"发展成以读者为主的诠释;"比兴"则成为了清人诠释中以作者为中心的方法。"作者之意"与"读者之悟"在"比兴"、"寄托"所构造的幽玄之地中合而为一了。

Metaphor and Sustenance which belong to ' Songs' and ' The Chuci Poetry ' are two important categories of Chinese poetry. Zhu yizun,Zhang Huiyan who are famous critics in Qing dynasty use ' the metaphor and symbol' solutions for interpretation. But in the actual comments,comparative metaphor and symbol have different emphases,which 'sustenance ' developed into a reader-oriented interpretation; ' metaphor ' in the interpretation of Qing dynasty to the author-centric approach. ' Author' and ' reader's understanding' in the ' metaphor' and ' sustenance ' constructed by the unseen one.