牟宗三道德形上学视域下的阳明“致良知”涵意

The Implication of Wang Yangming's “Zhiliang-zhi”from the Perspective of Mou Zongsan's Metaphysics of Morals

对王阳明而言,良知是人人生而具有之先验的实践性道德理性,是不虑而知者。当代学者中,钱穆认为"良知"是"天理",熊十力视之为一种"直觉",张君劢诠释为"实践理性",劳思光以"价值意识"来理解良知……等,皆承袭了王阳明的传承。更令人瞩目者,当代新儒家的牟宗三(1909~1995年)则以道德形上学的哲学立场,论述王阳明的"致良知"涵义,可谓致广大且尽精微地提升了当代新儒学的思辨性,亦即哲学的论证性。试以牟宗三所建立的"道德形上学"之立基点,疏理他如何以这一切入点和进路来诠释阳明的"致良知"教。

According to Wang Yangming,moral conscience is an innate a priori practical moral reason,a kind of knowledge coming about without deliberating. Ch'ien Mu( Qian Mu) takes 'liang- zhi'as 'tian- li',while Xiong Shili thinks it as a kind of 'intuition',though Zhang Junmai interprets it as'practical reason',and Lao Sze- Kwang( Lao Siguang) understands it as 'value consciousness'. They all inherited Wang Yangming's legacy in some aspects. Conspicuously,contemporary Neo- Confucian scholar Mou Zougsan interprets Yang- ming's'zhiliang- zhi'from the perspective of metaphysics of morals,elevating greatly and delicately the philosophical argumentation of the contemporary Neo- Confucianism. The aim of this paper is to clarify how Mou interprets Yang- ming's 'zhiliang- zhi'through his metaphysics of morals.