明朝西南驿递管理制度研究

Research on the Management System of Courier Station of Southwest Areas in Ming Dynasty

明朝西南地区驿递管理制度有诸多特殊之处,省级驿传管理机构与全国一样,都是由按察司副使负责,但四川曾有过多次变化。在驿站的管理上,西南三省既有由府、州、县管理的情况,也有由军卫、土司、巡检司管理的,或指定官员代管的情况,土司管理是较为常见的情况,云南还有土官与流官共同管理的情形。驿站主要有驿丞、驿吏、夫等人员,西南三省的驿站人员亦比较复杂,如驿丞,就既有流官,亦有世袭土官,有流官与土官共同管理,也有不设驿丞的情况。

There are many special features in the management system of courier station of southwest areas in Ming Dynasty. In general,the associate judge is in charge of the provincial management agency of courier station. However,the management system is different in southwest areas such as Sichuan province. In the management of courier station of southwest areas,some places are limited to the management agency of prefecture,city and county. In some places,the military officer,headman of nationality and chairman of primary- level organization which set by the county government can manage the courier station; meanwhile,some places will appoint some certain officer to function as manager. In these different situations,it is common for headman of nationality to manage the courier station. In addition,local hereditary officer or appointed officer mutually manage the courier station in Yunnan province. In the courier station,there are many members such as supervisor,officer,postman and so on. In the three provinces of southwest areas,the situation is complex because the supervisor of courier station is appointed officer or local hereditary officer. Besides,there is no supervisor in some courier station.